ʻO ke koʻikoʻi o nā maka aniani pale

Ua hoʻomaopopo ʻia ʻo ka trauma ocular ocular e pili ana i ka 5% o ka hōʻeha ʻoihana holoʻokoʻa, a ʻo ia ka 50% o ka trauma ma nā halemai maka.A ʻo kekahi mau ʻoihana ʻoihana e like me 34%.Ma ke kaʻina hana, ʻo nā kumu ʻeha maka ʻenehana maʻamau e pili ana i ka ʻeha maka kino o nā ʻāina ʻē, ka ʻeha maka kemika, ka ʻeha maka radiation non-ionizing, ka ʻeha o ka maka radiation, ka microwave a me ka ʻeha maka laser.Ma muli o ka loaʻa ʻana o kēia mau ʻeha, pono e hoʻohana ʻia nā aniani pale i ka wā o ke kaʻina hana, a he mea nui loa nā aniani pale!

1. Eha maka kino haole

ʻO nā ʻeha maka o ke kino ʻē, ʻo ia ka poʻe e wili ana i nā metala;ʻoki ʻana i nā metala ʻole a i ʻole ka hao hao;ka holoi ʻana a me ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā mea hoʻoheheʻe metala me nā mea hana lima, nā mea uila uila, a me nā mea hana ea;ʻoki ʻana i nā rivets a i ʻole nā ​​​​wili;ʻoki a ʻokiʻoki i nā paila;ʻO ka pōhaku kuʻi a i ʻole ke kaʻa, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe e like me nā ʻāpana one a me nā ʻāpana metala e komo i nā maka a i ʻole ka hopena i ka maka.

2. Non-ionizing radiation maka poino

I ka wili uila, ka ʻoki ʻana i ka oxygen, ka umu ahi, ka hana aniani, ka ʻōwili wela a me ka hoʻolei ʻana a me nā wahi ʻē aʻe, hiki i ke kumu wela ke hana i nā kukui ikaika, ultraviolet a me nā kukuna infrared ma 1050 ~ 2150 ℃.Hiki ke hoʻoulu ʻia ka pāhawewe UV i ka conjunctivitis, photophobia, ʻeha, haehae, blepharitis a me nā hōʻailona ʻē aʻe.No ka mea, loaʻa pinepine ia i nā welders uila, ua kapa pinepine ʻia ʻo "electrooptic ophthalmia", he maʻi maka maʻamau i ka ʻoihana.

3. Hoʻopōʻino ʻia ʻo Ionizing Radiation Maka

Loaʻa ka radiation Ionizing i loko o ka ʻenehana ikehu atomic, nā mea kanu nuklea (e like me nā mea kanu nuklea, nā submarine nuklea), nā hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe, ka ʻoihana lapaʻau, ka maʻi isotope a me ka mālama ʻana a me nā wahi ʻē aʻe.Hiki ke loaʻa nā hopena koʻikoʻi i ka ʻike ʻana o ka maka i ka radiation ionizing.Ke ʻoi aku ka nui o ka nui o ka nui ma mua o 2 Gy, hoʻomaka ka poʻe e hoʻomohala i nā cataracts, a piʻi ka maʻi me ka piʻi ʻana o ka nui o ka nui.

4. Nā ʻeha maka microwave a me ka laser

Hiki i nā microwave ke hoʻohūhū i nā kristal ma muli o nā hopena wela, e alakaʻi ana i ka hiki ʻana o ka "cataracts".Hiki i ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ʻana o ka laser ma ka retina ke hana i ke ahi, a ʻo nā laser ʻoi aku ma mua o 0.1 μW hiki ke hoʻoulu i ka hemorrhage o ka maka, coagulation protein, heheʻe, a me ka makapō.

5. Poino maka (maka) kemika

ʻO ka wai acid-base a me ka ʻinoʻino i loko o ke kaʻina hana e komo i loko o nā maka a i ʻole ka hopena i ka ʻili o ka maka, hiki ke hoʻopau i ke ahi i ka cornea a i ʻole ka ʻili maka.Hiki i nā splashes, nitrites, a me nā alkali ikaika ke kumu i ke ahi nui o ka maka, no ka mea, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ke komo ʻana o ka alkali ma mua o nā waikawa.

He aha kaʻu e hoʻolohe ai i ka wā e hoʻohana ai i nā aniani pale?

1. Pono e nānā ʻia nā aniani pale i koho ʻia e ka ʻoihana nānā huahana;

2. Pono ka laulā a me ka nui o nā aniani pale i ka maka o ka mea hoʻohana;

3. ʻO ka ʻaʻahu ʻino o ka lens a me ka pōʻino i ke kiʻi e hoʻopilikia i ka ʻike o ka mea hana a pono e hoʻololi ʻia i ka manawa;

4. Pono e hoʻohana i nā aniani pale e nā limahana kūikawā e pale i ka maʻi o nā maʻi maka;

5. Pono e koho ʻia nā kānana a me nā pale pale o nā aniani palekana welding a hoʻololi ʻia e like me nā pono hana i kuhikuhi ʻia;

6. Kāohi i ka hāʻule nui a me ke kaumaha kaumaha, a pale i nā mea paʻakikī mai ka hamo ʻana i nā lens a me nā maka.